OMTD-SHARE ontology
type: Ontology
date: 2015-05-15
description: OMTD-SHARE ontology for resources related to Text and Data Mining initiated in the framework of the OpenMinTeD project (https://www.openminted.eu). It currently focuses on TDM functions (tasks performed by TDM software), annotation types (types of information extracted or annotated by TDM software), TDM methods (classification of the theoretical method used in the TDM algorithm), and data formats of the resoures that can be processed by TDM software. The ontology is deployed in the OMTD-SHARE metadata schema for the description of such resources (https://openminted.github.io/releases/omtd-share/) and is based on work done previously in the framework of the META-SHARE schema for language resources(http://www.meta-share.org/knowledgebase/homePage) and the FOSTER taxonomy of TDM (https://www.fosteropenscience.eu/resources).
contributor: Richard Eckart de Castilho
creator: Claire Nedellec
creator: Dimitris Galanis
creator: Katerina Gkirtzou
creator: Marta Villegas
creator: Penny Labropoulou
creator: Petr Knoth
creator: Sophie Aubin
issued: 2019-05-15
license: cc-by4.0
preferred namespace prefix: omtd
comment: The OMTD-SHARE ontology is intended for resources related to Text and Data Mining. It currently focuses on TDM functions (tasks performed by TDM software), annotation types (types of information extracted or annotated by TDM software), TDM methods (classification of the theoretical method used in the TDM algorithm), and data formats of the resoures that can be processed by TDM software. The ontology is deployed in the OMTD-SHARE metadata schema for the description of such resources (https://openminted.github.io/releases/omtd-share/). The ontology has been initiated in the framework of the OpenMinTeD project (https://www.openminted.eu). It is based on work done previously in the framework of the META-SHARE schema for language resources(http://www.meta-share.org/knowledgebase/homePage) and the FOSTER taxonomy of TDM (https://www.fosteropenscience.eu/resources). The ontology is still in a working status.
prior version: 1.0.0
version info: 1.1.0

deployed in domain
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
domain: Operation
range: Domain
comment: Concept A is used frequently in domain B

has annotation type
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
domain: Annotation
range: Annotation type
comment: Used to classify annotations

has mimetype
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
domain: Data format
range: Mimetype
comment: Relates a data format to the IANA mimetype; it can be the exact or a broader mimetype; unofficial mimetypes are also used, but this relation will be revisited

performs Operation
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
domain: Component type
range: Operation
comment: Component A performs Operation B
alternative label: performs Task

owl:equivalentClass
type: ObjectProperty

documentation URL
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: topDataProperty
domain: Thing
range: anyURI
comment: The URL link in which a concept is documented

has file extension
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: topDataProperty
domain: Data format
range: string
comment: The file extension usually associated with a specific data format (e.g. txt for plain text files, pdf for PDF files etc.)

Access Component
type: Class
subclass of: Component type
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: performs Operation
  some values from: Resource access
comment: A component that provides access to data resources, e.g. reads a resource or writes the output of a process in a certain format

ACL Anthology Corpus format
type: Class
subclass of: Corpus format
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has mimetype
  has value: Text plain
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: seeAlso
  has value: format-de.tudarmstadt.ukp.dkpro.core.io.aclanthology-asl
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documentation URL
  has value: https://dkpro.github.io/dkpro-core/releases/1.8.0/docs/format-reference.html#format-AclAnthology
comment: Data format specific to the ACL Anthology Reference Corpus (http://acl-arc.comp.nus.edu.sg/), most probably version 20080325

Agricultural entity
type: Class
subclass of: Domain-specific annotation type
comment: Any kind of annotation pertaining to entities of the agricultural domain; the use of the AGROVOC thesaurus is recommended

Agriculture
type: Class
subclass of: Domain
comment: The science, art, or practice of cultivating the soil, producing crops, and raising livestock and in varying degrees the preparation and marketing of the resulting products [https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/agriculture]

AIMED corpus format
type: Class
subclass of: Corpus format
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documentation URL
  has value: https://builds.openminted.eu/job/WP%205.2%20-%20Typesystem%20alignment/eu.openminted.interop$mapping-conversion/doclinks/1/components.html#Aimed_Collection_Reader
comment: Format of the Aimed corpus (225 abstracts from MEDLINE) with the gold standard sentence, protein, protein-protein interaction annotations.

Aligner
type: Class
subclass of: Annotator
comment: A component that detects and annotates equivalence relations between items (corpora, texts, paragraphs, sentences, phrases, words) in two languages

ALLBUS variable
type: Class
subclass of: Social sciences entity
comment: ALLBUS variable

ALVIS Enriched Document format
type: Class
subclass of: Annotation format
subclass of: XML
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has mimetype
  has value: application/xml
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documentation URL
  has value: http://www.lrec-conf.org/proceedings/lrec2006/pdf/742_pdf.pdf
comment: Format for linguistic annotations of documents used for the ALVIS framework

Analyzer
type: Class
subclass of: Component type
comment: A component that is used for analyzing an input text in order to extract specific features/information (e.g. word list), or to produce statements over the whole text (e.g. classify it by topic)
alternative label: Extractor

Annotation
type: Class
subclass of: Operation
subclass of: Thing
comment: A note by way of explanation or comment added to a text or diagram [OED, https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/annotation]. Text or corpus annotation refers to the interpretative linguistic information grounded in a knowledge resource that is added manually or automatically to a text or corpus respectively.
comment: The process/task of adding annotations to an item
alternative label: Labelling
alternative label: Tagging

Annotation format
type: Class
subclass of: Data format
comment: Any format used for annotated textual documents

Annotation of compounds
type: Class
subclass of: Morphological annotation
comment: The task/process of marking compounds (single words composed of two or more free morphemes) and their parts
deprecated: true

Annotation of compounds
type: Class
subclass of: Morphological annotation
replaces: Annotation of compounds
comment: The task/process of marking compounds (single words composed of two or more free morphemes) and their parts

Annotation of derivational features
type: Class
subclass of: Morphological annotation
comment: The task/process of adding annotations relevant to the derivational level of analysis (e.g. recognizing derivational affixes, tagging their meaning etc.)

Annotation of document structure
type: Class
subclass of: Structural annotation
comment: The task/process of annotating the internal structure of a document (e.g. book chapters, sections in a journal article, title, preface, images/figures etc.)

Annotation of multi-word units
type: Class
subclass of: Morphological annotation
comment: The task/process of annotating multi-word units, i.e. combinations of words that are considered as one

Annotation type
type: Class
subclass of: Thing
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: owl:equivalentClass
  some values from: Annotation
comment: Category/class of the annotations (metadata) that are added to the data/text that is processed
alternative label: Label
alternative label: Tag

Annotator
type: Class
subclass of: Processor
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: performs Operation
  some values from: Annotation
comment: A component that annotates any data (text, video, audio etc.), i.e. adds any descriptive or analytic notations (structural, linguistic, etc) to raw data
alternative label: Tagger

Annotator of semantic role labels
type: Class
subclass of: Semantic annotator
comment: A component that annotates the tokens of a text with Semantic Role labels

Argumentation
type: Class
subclass of: Discourse annotation
comment: The act or process of forming reasons and of drawing conclusions and applying them to a case in discussion [https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/argumentation]

Artificial Neural Network
type: Class
subclass of: Machine and Statistical Learning Method
source: adapted from wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_neural_network)
comment: A computational model based on a large collection of simple neural units (artificial neurons), loosely analogous to the observed behavior of a biological brain's axons. These systems are self-learning and trained, rather than explicitly programmed.

Association Rule Learning
type: Class
subclass of: Machine and Statistical Learning Method
comment: A machine learning method used in recognising relationships among variables in databases and extracted in the form of rules.
alternative label: ANN

Audience reaction
type: Class
subclass of: Discourse annotation type
comment: The response of the target recipients (audience) to a system, process or event

Bayesian
type: Class
subclass of: Machine and Statistical Learning Method
source: adapted from Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayesian_inference)
comment: A method in probability and statistics based on Bayes' theorem, mainly related to statistical inference.

Below PoS Tagging
type: Class
subclass of: Morphological annotation
subclass of: Morphosyntactic tagging
comment: The annotation of words with morphological information besides the part of speech and dependent upon it (e.g. for nouns: gender, number and case; for verbs: tense, number, person etc.)
alternative label: Annotation of morphological features
alternative label: B-PoS Tagging

Bilingual lexicon induction
type: Class
subclass of: Knowledge acquisition
subclass of: Support operation for knowledge resources
comment: The task/process of inducing word translations from monolingual or comparable corpora in two languages

Binary CAS
type: Class
subclass of: UIMA CAS format
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has mimetype
  has value: application/x.org.dkpro.uima+binary
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: seeAlso
  has value: format-de.tudarmstadt.ukp.dkpro.core.io.bincas-asl
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documentation URL
  has value: https://dkpro.github.io/dkpro-core/releases/1.8.0/docs/format-reference.html#format-de.tudarmstadt.ukp.dkpro.core.io.bincas-asl
comment: Binary format used for CAS data
alternative label: UIMA Binary CAS

Binary format
type: Class
subclass of: Data format
comment: Any format of a computer file in which information is stored in the form of ones and zeros, or in some other binary (two-state) sequence; used mainly for executable files or files that need to be interpreted by a computer program

Biological activity
type: Class
subclass of: Biological enity
subclass of: Named entity
comment: Biological activity

Biological enity
type: Class
subclass of: Domain-specific annotation type
comment: Any kind of annotation pertaining to entities of biology

BioNLP
type: Class
subclass of: BioNLP format
subclass of: BioNLP formats
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documentation URL
  has value: https://builds.openminted.eu/job/WP%205.2%20-%20Typesystem%20alignment/eu.openminted.interop$mapping-conversion/doclinks/1/components.html#_bionlp_shared_task_2
comment: File format used for the BioNLP Shared Task format

BioNLP format
type: Class
subclass of: Document format
replaces: BioNLP formats
comment: Formats used for BioNLP shared tasks

BioNLP formats
type: Class
subclass of: Document format
comment: Formats used for BioNLP shared tasks
deprecated: true

BioNLP-ST 2013 a1/a2
type: Class
subclass of: BioNLP format
subclass of: BioNLP formats
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documentation URL
  has value: https://builds.openminted.eu/job/WP%205.2%20-%20Typesystem%20alignment/eu.openminted.interop$mapping-conversion/doclinks/1/components.html#_bionlp_st_2013_a1_a2_1
comment: Format used in BioNLP Shared Task 2013
alternative label: bioNLP; format-variant=ST2013a1_a2

blikiWikipedia
type: Class
subclass of: Wikipedia format
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documentation URL
  has value: https://dkpro.github.io/dkpro-core/releases/1.8.0/docs/format-reference.html#format-de.tudarmstadt.ukp.dkpro.core.io.bliki-asl
comment: The Java Wikipedia API (Bliki engine) is a parser library for converting Wikipedia wikitext notation to HTML.

BNC format
type: Class
subclass of: Corpus format
subclass of: XML
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has mimetype
  has value: application/xml
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: seeAlso
  has value: format-de.tudarmstadt.ukp.dkpro.core.io.bnc-asl
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documentation URL
  has value: https://dkpro.github.io/dkpro-core/releases/1.8.0/docs/format-reference.html#format-de.tudarmstadt.ukp.dkpro.core.io.bnc-asl
comment: Data format for the XML version of the British National Corpus (http://www.natcorp.ox.ac.uk/)

Brain region
type: Class
subclass of: Biological enity
subclass of: Named entity
comment: Part of the brain

BRAT
type: Class
subclass of: Annotation format
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: seeAlso
  has value: format-de.tudarmstadt.ukp.dkpro.core.io.brat-asl
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documentation URL
  has value: http://brat.nlplab.org/standoff.html
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documentation URL
  has value: https://dkpro.github.io/dkpro-core/releases/1.8.0/docs/format-reference.html#format-de.tudarmstadt.ukp.dkpro.core.io.brat-asl
comment: BRAT stand-off format for annotations (BRAT is a online environment for collaborative text annotation, cf. http://brat.nlplab.org/)

Cadixe/JSON
type: Class
subclass of: Annotation format
subclass of: JSON
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has mimetype
  has value: application/json
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documentation URL
  has value: https://builds.openminted.eu/job/WP%205.2%20-%20Typesystem%20alignment/eu.openminted.interop$mapping-conversion/doclinks/1/components.html#ExportCadixeJSON
comment: AlvisAE protocol format

Certainty level
type: Class
subclass of: Semantic annotation type
comment: Degree of certainty about the validity of what is being asserted in the text

CHAT
type: Class
subclass of: Annotation format
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documentation URL
  has value: http://talkbank.org/manuals/CHAT.pdf
comment: CHAT (Codes for the Human Analysis of Transcripts) transcription format; used by CHILDES corpora
alternative label: Codes for the Human Analysis of Transcripts

Chemical
type: Class
subclass of: Biological enity
subclass of: Named entity
comment: Any substance (as an acid) that is formed when two or more other substances act upon one another or that is used to produce a change in another substance [https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/chemical]

Chemical entity
type: Class
subclass of: Domain-specific annotation type
comment: Any kind of annotation pertaining to entities from chemistry

Chunk
type: Class
subclass of: Syntactic annotation type
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: seeAlso
  has value: de.tudarmstadt.ukp.dkpro.core.api.syntax.type.chunk.Chunk
comment: Group of words that function together; a chunk normally includes a head and some consecutive (i.e. without gaps) preceding words

Chunker
type: Class
subclass of: Annotator
comment: A component that groups tokens of a text into chunks

Chunking
type: Class
subclass of: Parsing
comment: The task/process of dividing a sentence into chunks (non-overlapping text segments consisting of a head and preceding function words and/or modifiers)
alternative label: Light parsing
alternative label: Shallow parsing

Citation
type: Class
subclass of: Scholarly analytics entity
comment: Reference to a book, paper, or author, especially in a scholarly work.

Clause
type: Class
subclass of: Structural annotation type
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: owl:equivalentClass
  some values from: Clause
comment: A clause is a subdivision of a sentence containing a subject (argument) and predicate. It is possible to have a word that implies or refers to a predicate rather than one explicitly stated. [Pei & Gaynor 1980: 40, http://linguistics-ontology.org/gold/2010/Clause]

Clustering Method
type: Class
subclass of: Machine and Statistical Learning Method
source: adapted from wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluster_analysis)
comment: Any method used in clustering or cluster analysis, i.e. in grouping a set of objects in such a way that objects in the same group (cluster) are more similar (in some sense or another) to each other than to those in other groups (clusters).
example: k-means, k-nearest neighbours

Co-reference annotator
type: Class
subclass of: Annotator
comment: A component that annotates tokens of a text with coreference labels, marking expressions that refer to the same entity in the text

Co-reference resolution
type: Class
subclass of: Linguistic analysis
comment: The process/task of determining all linguistic expressions that refer to the same entity in a certain text or across texts.

Cochrane
type: Class
subclass of: Document format
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has mimetype
  has value: text/x-cochrane
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documentation URL
  has value: https://gate.ac.uk/sale/tao/splitch23.html#sec:creole:pubmed
comment: Format used in Cochrane texts

Component type
type: Class
subclass of: Thing
comment: Specifies the type of a component, in terms of the function/task it performs

Compound
type: Class
subclass of: Morphological annotation type
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: seeAlso
  has value: de.tudarmstadt.ukp.dkpro.core.api.segmentation.type.Compound
comment: A single word composed of two or more free morphemes

Computational argumentation
type: Class
subclass of: Information extraction
comment: The process/task of identifying and representing argumentation in text, so that systems have the ability to use them in tasks, such as automated logical reasoning

CoNLL-2000
type: Class
subclass of: CoNLL format
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has mimetype
  has value: text/x.org.dkpro.conll-2000
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documentation URL
  has value: https://dkpro.github.io/dkpro-core/releases/1.8.0/docs/format-reference.html#format-Conll2000
comment: The CoNLL 2000 format represents POS and Chunk tags. Fields in a line are separated by spaces. Sentences are separated by a blank new line.

CoNLL-2002
type: Class
subclass of: CoNLL format
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has mimetype
  has value: text/x.org.dkpro.conll-2002
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documentation URL
  has value: https://dkpro.github.io/dkpro-core/releases/1.8.0/docs/format-reference.html#format-Conll2002
comment: The CoNLL 2002 format encodes named entity spans. Fields are separated by a single space. Sentences are separated by a blank new line.

CoNLL-2003
type: Class
subclass of: CoNLL format
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has mimetype
  has value: text/x.org.dkpro.conll-2003
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documentation URL
  has value: https://zoidberg.ukp.informatik.tu-darmstadt.de/jenkins/job/DKPro%20Core%20Documentation%20(GitHub)/de.tudarmstadt.ukp.dkpro.core$de.tudarmstadt.ukp.dkpro.core.doc-asl/doclinks/5/format-reference.html…
comment: The CoNLL 2004 format encodes named entity spans and chunk spans. Fields are separated by a single space. Sentences are separated by a blank new line. Named entities and chunks are encoded in the IOB1 format. I.e. a B prefix is only used if the category of the following span differs from the category of the current span.

CoNLL-2006
type: Class
subclass of: CoNLL format
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has mimetype
  has value: text/x.org.dkpro.conll-2006
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documentation URL
  has value: https://dkpro.github.io/dkpro-core/releases/1.8.0/docs/format-reference.html#format-Conll2006
comment: The CoNLL 2006 (aka CoNLL-X) format targets dependency parsing. Columns are tab-separated. Sentences are separated by a blank new line.
alternative label: CoNLL-2007
alternative label: CoNLL-X

CoNLL-2008
type: Class
subclass of: CoNLL format
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has mimetype
  has value: text/x.org.dkpro.conll-2008
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documentation URL
  has value: https://zoidberg.ukp.informatik.tu-darmstadt.de/jenkins/job/DKPro%20Core%20Documentation%20(GitHub)/de.tudarmstadt.ukp.dkpro.core$de.tudarmstadt.ukp.dkpro.core.doc-asl/doclinks/5/format-reference.html…
comment: The CoNLL 2008 format targets syntactic and semantic dependencies. Columns are tab-separated. Sentences are separated by a blank new line.

CoNLL-2009
type: Class
subclass of: CoNLL format
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has mimetype
  has value: text/x.org.dkpro.conll-2009
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documentation URL
  has value: https://dkpro.github.io/dkpro-core/releases/1.8.0/docs/format-reference.html#format-Conll2009
comment: The CoNLL 2009 format targets semantic role labeling. Columns are tab-separated. Sentences are separated by a blank new line.

CoNLL-2012
type: Class
subclass of: CoNLL format
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has mimetype
  has value: text/x.org.dkpro.conll-2012
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documentation URL
  has value: https://dkpro.github.io/dkpro-core/releases/1.8.0/docs/format-reference.html#format-Conll2012
comment: The CoNLL 2012 format targets semantic role labeling and coreference. Columns are tab-separated. Sentences are separated by a blank new line.

CoNLL format
type: Class
subclass of: Annotation format
subclass of: Tabular format
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: seeAlso
  has value: format-de.tudarmstadt.ukp.dkpro.core.io.conll-asl
comment: Formats used in the CoNLL Shared Tasks

CoNLL-U
type: Class
subclass of: CoNLL format
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has mimetype
  has value: text/x.org.dkpro.conll-u
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documentation URL
  has value: http://universaldependencies.org/docs/format.html
comment: Format used for CoNLL.

Constituency parser
type: Class
subclass of: Parser
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: performs Operation
  some values from: Constituency parsing
comment: A component that builds a constituency tree from typically token and part-of-speech annotations

Constituency parsing
type: Class
subclass of: Parsing
comment: The task/process of identifying and marking constituents (phrases, governed by a head and including function words and/or modifiers ) in a text or text segment
alternative label: Phrase parsing

Constituency tree
type: Class
subclass of: Syntactic annotation type
comment: An ordered, rooted tree that represents the syntactic structure of a string according to a constituency grammar (= phrase structure grammars). It distinguishes between terminal and non-terminal nodes. The interior nodes are labeled by non-terminal categories of the grammar (phrases), while the leaf nodes are labeled by terminal categories (parts of speech). [adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parse_tree]

Constituent
type: Class
subclass of: Syntactic annotation type
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: owl:equivalentClass
  some values from: Constituent
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: owl:equivalentClass
  some values from: Constituent
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: seeAlso
  has value: de.tudarmstadt.ukp.dkpro.core.api.syntax.type.constituent.Constituent
comment: A word or group of words that function as a single unit in a syntactic structure

Content Mining
type: Class
subclass of: Operation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: closeMatch
  some values from: Text and Data Mining
comment: The automated analysis of large volumes of content of any form or medium (e.g. text, images, videos, graphs, metadata etc.) that leads to the discovery of previously undiscovered information (e.g. identification of relationships between entities).

Contradiction
type: Class
subclass of: Discourse annotation type
comment: A set of statements that contradict each other (i.e. one of them asserts the truth and the other the falsity of the proposition)

Contradiction detection
type: Class
subclass of: Information extraction
comment: The task/process of identifying conflicting statements (contradictions) in a dataset

Contradiction detector
type: Class
subclass of: Analyzer
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: performs Operation
  some values from: Contradiction detection
comment: A component that tries to automatically recognize elements that reveal contradiction in a text
comment: could also be an annotator

Converter
type: Class
subclass of: Support component
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: performs Operation
  some values from: Format conversion
comment: A component that performs conversion between formats of a resource

Coreference
type: Class
subclass of: Discourse annotation type
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: owl:equivalentClass
  some values from: Coreference
comment: Coreference is the reference in one expression to the same referent in another expression. [http://www.glossary.sil.org/term/coreference]
alternative label: Co-reference
comment: As defined here it refers more to the phenomenon than the actual annotation types; referent and co-referent might be more appropriate

Corpus format
type: Class
subclass of: Data format
comment: A format used by a specific type of corpus (collection of texts)

Corpus viewer
type: Class
subclass of: Viewer
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: performs Operation
  some values from: Corpus viewing
comment: A component that supports humans in accessing the contents of a corpus

Corpus viewing
type: Class
subclass of: Viewing
comment: The task/process of viewing the contents of a corpus as performed by human beings

Crawler
type: Class
subclass of: Data collector
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: performs Operation
  some values from: Crawling
comment: A component that crawls the web and collects data from various web sites

Crawling
type: Class
subclass of: Data collection
comment: The use of bots that crawl the web (crawlers) in order to spot content that matches user-set criteria and download them to create large datasets
alternative label: Web crawling

Crowdsourcing
type: Class
subclass of: TDM Method
source: crowdsourcing
comment: The practice of obtaining needed services, ideas, or content by soliciting contributions from a large group of people and especially from the online community rather than from traditional employees or suppliers

Crowdsourcing component
type: Class
subclass of: Support component
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: performs Operation
  some values from: Support of crowdsourcing tasks
comment: A component that supports crowdsourcing operations

CSV
type: Class
subclass of: Tabular format
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has mimetype
  has value: text/csv
comment: Data format with comma-separated values
alternative label: Comma-separated values

Data collection
type: Class
subclass of: Support operation
source: Data collection
comment: The process of gathering and measuring information on targeted variables in an established systematic fashion, which then enables one to answer relevant questions and evaluate outcomes.

Data collector
type: Class
subclass of: Support component
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: performs Operation
  some values from: Data collection
comment: A component that collects (retrieves) data from various sources

Data format
type: Class
subclass of: Thing
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: broadMatch
  has value: dc:format
comment: The format of a computer file storing data
alternative label: Data type
alternative label: File format

Data merger
type: Class
subclass of: Support component
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: performs Operation
  some values from: Data merging
comment: A component that supports data merging from various sources

Data merging
type: Class
subclass of: Support operation
comment: The task/process of merging (combining) together data from various sources

Data splitter
type: Class
subclass of: Support component
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: performs Operation
  some values from: Data splitting
comment: A component that performs data splitting for cross validation purposes

Data splitting
type: Class
subclass of: Support operation
comment: The task/process of splitting (partitioning) available data into parts, usually for cross-validatory purposes, e.g. in order to use one part for training purposes and the other for evaluation.

Database format
type: Class
subclass of: Data format
comment: Formats used for databases

DataSift/JSON
type: Class
subclass of: GATE format
subclass of: JSON
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has mimetype
  has value: application/json
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documentation URL
  has value: https://gate.ac.uk/sale/tao/splitch23.html#x28-59500023.32
comment: Common format for social media data from http://datasift.com

Date
type: Class
subclass of: Named entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: owl:equivalentClass
  some values from: Date
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: seeAlso
  has value: de.tudarmstadt.ukp.dkpro.core.api.ner.type.Date
comment: A text unit that denotes a date, a specific point in time

Debugger
type: Class
subclass of: Support component
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: performs Operation
  some values from: Debugging
comment: A component that is used in the debugging process

Debugging
type: Class
subclass of: Support operation
comment: The task/process of removing errors from a computer programme

Decision Trees
type: Class
subclass of: Machine and Statistical Learning Method
source: adapted from (http://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/tree.html) and wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decision_tree)
comment: A non-parametric supervised learning method used for classification and regression. The goal is to create a tree-like graph or model of decisions and their possible consequences by learning simple decision rules inferred from the data features.

Deep Learning
type: Class
subclass of: Machine and Statistical Learning Method
source: adapted from wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_learning)
comment: A branch of machine learning based on deep neural networks. A deep neural network (DNN) is an artificial neural network (ANN) with multiple hidden layers of units between the input and output layers.

Dependency
type: Class
subclass of: Syntactic annotation type
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: owl:equivalentClass
  some values from: Dependency
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: seeAlso
  has value: de.tudarmstadt.ukp.dkpro.core.api.syntax.type.dependency.Dependency
comment: A type of syntactic relation that holds between linguistic units, where we try to recognise the head (governor) and its dependents

Dependency conversion
type: Class
subclass of: Format conversion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: relatedTo
  some values from: Constituency parsing
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: relatedTo
  some values from: Dependency parsing
comment: The task/process of converting constituency structures to dependency trees

Dependency converter
type: Class
subclass of: Converter
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: performs Operation
  some values from: Dependency conversion
comment: A component that converts a constituency tree into a dependency tree

Dependency parser
type: Class
subclass of: Parser
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: performs Operation
  some values from: Dependency parsing
comment: A component that generates a dependency tree from typically token and part-of-speech annotations

Dependency parsing
type: Class
subclass of: Parsing
source: adapted from https://nlp.stanford.edu/software/nndep.shtml
comment: The task/process of identifying and marking the grammatical structure of a sentence, establishing relationships between "head" words and words that modify those heads

Dependency tree
type: Class
subclass of: Syntactic annotation type
comment: A tree that represents the dependency relations in a sentence, i.e. showing the governor (head) and its dependents with directed links

Derivational Analysis
type: Class
subclass of: Linguistic analysis
comment: The analysis of a word in order to identify its derivation, i.e. whether and how it has been formed on the basis of another word (e.g. through the use of affixes)

Derivational feature
type: Class
subclass of: Morphological annotation type
comment: Any feature relevant to the derivation process of a word (e.g. marking affixes, their meaning etc.)

Dialogue act
type: Class
subclass of: Speech act
comment: A dialogue act has two main components: a communicative function and a semantic content. The semantic content specifies the objects, relations, actions, events, etc. that the dialogue act is about; the communicative function can be viewed as a specification of the way an addressee uses the semantic content to update his or her information state when he or she understands the corresponding stretch of dialogue. [http://www.lrec-conf.org/proceedings/lrec2010/pdf/560_Paper.pdf]

DIAML
type: Class
subclass of: Annotation format
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documentation URL
  has value: https://www.iso.org/standard/51967.html
comment: Format following Dialogue Act Markup Language (DiAML) which is defined within the ISO standard 24617-2

Dimensionality Reduction
type: Class
subclass of: Machine and Statistical Learning Method
source: adapted from Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimensionality_reduction)
comment: A method based on reducing the number of random variables under consideration, via obtaining a set of principal variables.

Disambiguator
type: Class
subclass of: Analyzer
comment: A component that is used to disambiguate between two or more ambiguous items

Discource relation
type: Class
subclass of: Discourse annotation type
comment: The relation that holds between two segments of discourse; e.g. causal, temporal etc.

Discourse analysis
type: Class
subclass of: Linguistic analysis
comment: A method of analysing the structure of texts or utterances longer than one sentence, taking into account both their linguistic content and their sociolinguistic context; analysis performed using this method.[OED, https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/discourse_analysis]

Discourse annotation
type: Class
subclass of: Text annotation
comment: The task/process of adding annotations relevant to discourse, such as discourse structure, discourse markers etc.

Discourse annotation type
type: Class
subclass of: Annotation type
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: owl:equivalentClass
  some values from: DiscourseFeature
comment: Any type of annotation relevant to discourse

DKPro tokenized
type: Class
subclass of: Annotation format
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: seeAlso
  has value: format-de.tudarmstadt.ukp.dkpro.core.io.text-asl
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documentation URL
  has value: https://dkpro.github.io/dkpro-core/releases/1.8.0/docs/format-reference.html#format-TokenizedText
comment: DkPro format for tokenized files containing one sentence per line and tokens split by whitespaces.

Document annotation type
type: Class
subclass of: Annotation type
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: owl:equivalentClass
  some values from: Document
comment: Any kind of annotation that is used to describe a document (e.g. identifier, size, location, language etc.)
alternative label: Document information
alternative label: Document metadata

Document classifier
type: Class
subclass of: Analyzer
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: performs Operation
  some values from: Text categorization
comment: A component that tries to classify a document into one or more categories

Document format
type: Class
subclass of: Data format
comment: Any format used for documents (textual resources)

Document section
type: Class
subclass of: Scholarly analytics entity
subclass of: Structural annotation type
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: seeAlso
  has value: de.tudarmstadt.ukp.dkpro.core.api.segmentation.type.Div
comment: Any subdivision of a document, e.g. a chapter, abstract, etc.

Domain
type: Class
subclass of: Thing
comment: Area of interest or activities

Domain-specific annotation type
type: Class
subclass of: Annotation type
comment: Any kind of annotation that is used for specific domains (e.g. genes and proteins from the biomedical domain, plants from agriculture etc.)
deprecated: true

Domain-specific annotation type
type: Class
subclass of: Annotation type
comment: Any kind of annotation that is used for specific domains (e.g. genes and proteins from the biomedical domain, plants from agriculture etc.)

Editing
type: Class
subclass of: Support operation
comment: The task/process of changing the contents of a resource

Editor
type: Class
subclass of: Support component
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: performs Operation
  some values from: Editing
comment: A component that allows humans to edit the contents of a resource

EMMA
type: Class
subclass of: Annotation format
subclass of: XML
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has mimetype
  has value: application/emma+xml
comment: Data format according to the EMMA (Extensible MultiModal Annotation markup language) specifications, cf. https://www.w3.org/TR/2007/CR-emma-20071211/

Emotion
type: Class
subclass of: Semantic annotation type
comment: An affective state of consciousness in which joy, sorrow, fear, hate, or the like, is experienced, as distinguished from cognitive and volitional states of consciousness [http://www.dictionary.com/browse/emotion]

Emotion detection
type: Class
subclass of: Information extraction
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: deployed in domain
  some values from: Social sciences
comment: The process/task of identifying types of feelings (e.g. anger, fear, happiness, sadness, etc.) in the linguistic expression of texts or facial expressions
alternative label: Emotion recognition

Emotion recognizer
type: Class
subclass of: Analyzer
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: performs Operation
  some values from: Emotion detection
comment: A component that tries to recognize and annotate emotions (e.g. fear, anger, happiness etc.) from text, video, audio and image
alternative label: Emotion detector
comment: could also be an annotator

Ensemble Method
type: Class
subclass of: Machine and Statistical Learning Method
source: adapted from Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensemble_learning)
comment: Any method that uses multiple learning algorithms in an attempt to improve predictive performance not obtainable otherwise with any of the constituent learning algorithms.

Entity-Mention pair
type: Class
subclass of: Coreference
comment: The pair of an entity and all the mentions of this entity formulated in various ways; used in co-reference resolution

Entity mention recognition
type: Class
subclass of: Information extraction
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: relatedTo
  some values from: Named Entity Recognition
comment: The task/process of detecting in a text mentions of a specific class of entities (e.g. biochemical entities, historical persons)
comment: unclear definition

Evaluation
type: Class
subclass of: Operation
subclass of: Support operation
comment: The task/process of assessing the quality of a resource, e.g. based on the contents (for a dataset) or performance (for a tool or service)

Evaluator
type: Class
subclass of: Support component
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: performs Operation
  some values from: Evaluation
comment: A component that is used in the evaluation of the performance of a component

Event
type: Class
subclass of: Semantic annotation type
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: seeAlso
  has value: de.tudarmstadt.ukp.dkpro.core.api.ner.type.Event
comment: A thing that happens or takes place, especially one of importance [https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/event]

Event detection
type: Class
subclass of: Information extraction
comment: The process/task of identifying events in data (text, video, images etc.), usually combined with their classification into types of events and recognition of the event attributes (e.g. time, place, participants and duration)
alternative label: Event extraction

Event extractor
type: Class
subclass of: Analyzer
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: performs Operation
  some values from: Event detection
comment: A component that tries to extract information related to incidents referred to in a text
comment: could also be an annotator

Exploratory search
type: Class
subclass of: Information retrieval
comment: A type of search which, in contrast to traditional lookup search, covers a broad class of activities, such as investigating, evaluating, comparing, and synthesizing

Extraction of domain-specific information
type: Class
subclass of: Information extraction
comment: Extraction of information that pertains to specific domains/disciplines; it can be used combined with "Annotation type" to specify the type of information extracted

Extraction of funding information
type: Class
subclass of: Extraction of domain-specific information
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: deployed in domain
  some values from: Scholarly communication
comment: The task/process of detecting in a text and extracting information relevant to funding (e.g. funding programme, award, funder etc.)
alternative label: Mining of funding information

Factored tag lem format
type: Class
subclass of: Annotation format
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documentation URL
  has value: https://builds.openminted.eu/job/WP%205.2%20-%20Typesystem%20alignment/eu.openminted.interop$mapping-conversion/doclinks/1/components.html#_factored_tag_lem_1
comment: Factored tag lemma format

Fast Infoset
type: Class
subclass of: Binary format
subclass of: GATE format
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documentation URL
  has value: https://gate.ac.uk/sale/tao/splitch23.html#x28-59400023.31
comment: A compressed binary encoding of GATE XML

Feature extraction
type: Class
subclass of: Support operation
source: feature extraction.html
comment: Feature extraction consists in transforming arbitrary data, such as text or images, into numerical features usable for machine learning

Feature extractor
type: Class
subclass of: Support component
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: performs Operation
  some values from: Feature extraction
comment: A component that is used for extracting features
comment: could also be under analyzer as a general term

Filter
type: Class
subclass of: Pre- or Post-Processor
comment: A component that is used for filtering text input or annotations based on specific criteria

Flow control
type: Class
subclass of: Support operation
source: Flow control (data)
comment: In data communications, flow control is the process of managing the rate of data transmission between two nodes to prevent a fast sender from overwhelming a slow receiver. It provides a mechanism for the receiver to control the transmission speed, so that the receiving node is not overwhelmed with data from transmitting node.

Flow controller
type: Class
subclass of: Support component
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: performs Operation
  some values from: Flow control
comment: A component that supports controlling flows

FoLiA
type: Class
subclass of: Annotation format
subclass of: XML
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documentation URL
  has value: https://proycon.github.io/folia/
comment: FoLiA is an XML-based annotation format, suitable for the representation of linguistically annotated language resources
alternative label: Format for Linguistic Annotation

Format conversion
type: Class
subclass of: Support operation
comment: The task/process of converting (changing) the format of a resource into another (e.g. PDF to TXT or XML)
alternative label: Data conversion
alternative label: File conversion

Funding
type: Class
subclass of: Scholarly analytics entity
comment: Annotation related to the funding of a resource (e.g. funder, funding project, etc.)

GATE format
type: Class
subclass of: Data format
comment: Formats used for the GATE framework

GATE XML
type: Class
subclass of: GATE format
subclass of: XML
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has mimetype
  has value: application/xml
comment: XML-based format for GATE components

GATE/JSON
type: Class
subclass of: GATE format
subclass of: JSON
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has mimetype
  has value: application/json
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documentation URL
  has value: https://gate.ac.uk/sale/tao/splitch17.html
comment: A Twitter-style JSON format used for GATE documents
alternative label: Twitter/JSON

Gazeteer based matcher
type: Class
subclass of: Matcher
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: performs Operation
  some values from: Gazeteer based matching
comment: A component that allows matching of elements based on a gazeteer

Gazeteer based matching
type: Class
subclass of: Matching
comment: The task/process of performing a comparison between a text/dataset and a gazeteer and identifying in the text/dataset units that are included in the gazeteer

Gene
type: Class
subclass of: Agricultural entity
comment: Specific sequence of nucleotides along a molecule of DNA (or, in the case of some viruses, RNA) which represents functional units of heredity [http://artemide.art.uniroma2.it:8081/agrovoc/agrovoc/en/page/c_3214]

Gene family
type: Class
subclass of: Agricultural entity
comment: A gene family is a set of several similar genes, formed by duplication of a single original gene, and generally with similar biochemical functions [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_family]

Generator
type: Class
subclass of: Processor
comment: A component that generates (semi-)automatically natural language texts (based on non-linguistic data, keywords, logical forms, knowledge bases...)

GrAF
type: Class
subclass of: Annotation format
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has mimetype
  has value: application/x.org.dkpro.graf+xml
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documentation URL
  has value: http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documentation URL
  has value: https://zoidberg.ukp.informatik.tu-darmstadt.de/jenkins/job/DKPro%20Core%20Documentation%20(GitHub)/de.tudarmstadt.ukp.dkpro.core$de.tudarmstadt.ukp.dkpro.core.doc-asl/doclinks/5/format-reference.html…
comment: GrAF (Graph Annotation Format) is an extension of the Linguistic Annotation Framework (LAF)
alternative label: Graph Annotation Format

Grammar checker
type: Class
subclass of: Pre- or Post-Processor
comment: A component that corrects grammatical mistakes in a text

Grape variety
type: Class
subclass of: Agricultural entity
comment: A type of grape

Habitat
type: Class
subclass of: Agricultural entity
comment: The place or environment where an organism, plant or animal naturally or normally lives and grows

Historical event
type: Class
subclass of: Named entity
subclass of: Social sciences entity
comment: Historical event

HTML
type: Class
subclass of: Document format
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has mimetype
  has value: text/html
comment: HTML format

HTML5 Microdata
type: Class
subclass of: Annotation format
subclass of: HTML
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has mimetype
  has value: text/html
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documentation URL
  has value: https://www.w3.org/TR/microdata/
comment: Format according to the specifications of HTML5 Microdata

I2B2
type: Class
subclass of: Annotation format
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documentation URL
  has value: https://builds.openminted.eu/job/WP%205.2%20-%20Typesystem%20alignment/eu.openminted.interop$mapping-conversion/doclinks/1/components.html#I2B2Reader
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documentation URL
  has value: https://www.i2b2.org/NLP/RDoCforPsychiatry/PreviousChallenges.php
comment: Format of the I2B2 challenge

imsCwb
type: Class
subclass of: Corpus format
subclass of: Tabular format
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has mimetype
  has value: text/x.org.dkpro.imscwb
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: seeAlso
  has value: format-de.tudarmstadt.ukp.dkpro.core.io.imscwb-asl
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documentation URL
  has value: https://dkpro.github.io/dkpro-core/releases/1.8.0/docs/format-reference.html#format-de.tudarmstadt.ukp.dkpro.core.io.imscwb-asl
comment: A tab-separated format with limited markup (e.g. for sentences, documents, but not recursive structures like parse-trees) used by the IMS Open Corpus Workbench.
alternative label: IMS Corpus Workbench

Information extraction
type: Class
subclass of: Text and Data Mining
comment: The process/task of automatically extracting structured information from unstructured and/or semi-structured data

Information extractor
type: Class
subclass of: Analyzer
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: performs Operation
  some values from: Information extraction
comment: A component that automatically extracts structured information from unstructured and/or semi-structured machine-readable documents

Information filtering
type: Class
subclass of: Information retrieval
comment: The process/task of removing (filtering out) redundant or unwanted information from an information stream using (semi)automated or computerized methods prior to presentation to a human user; the selection of the items is based on the correlation between the content of the items and the user’s preferences (content-based filtering) or the correlation between people with similar preferences (collaborative filtering)

Information filtering by recommender systems
type: Class
subclass of: Information filtering
comment: The delivery of information in the form of suggestions by recommender systems; recommender systems seek to predict the "rating" or "preference" that a user would give to an item

Information retrieval
type: Class
subclass of: Text and Data Mining
comment: The activity of obtaining information resources relevant to an information need from a collection of information resources; searches can be based on full-text or other content-based indexing

Inline XML
type: Class
subclass of: Annotation format
subclass of: XML
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has mimetype
  has value: application/xml
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: seeAlso
  has value: format-de.tudarmstadt.ukp.dkpro.core.io.xml-asl
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documentation URL
  has value: https://dkpro.github.io/dkpro-core/releases/1.8.0/docs/format-reference.html#format-de.tudarmstadt.ukp.dkpro.core.io.xml-asl
comment: Inline XML file format

Instance-based Learning
type: Class
subclass of: Machine and Statistical Learning Method
source: adapted from Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instance-based_learning)
comment: A family of learning algorithms that, instead of performing explicit generalization, compares new problem instances with instances seen in training, which have been stored in memory.
example: Examples of instance-based learning algorithm are the k-nearest neighbor algorithm, kernel machines and RBF networks.

Ionic channel
type: Class
subclass of: Biological enity
subclass of: Named entity
alt label: Ion channel
comment: A single protein or protein complex that traverses the lipid bilayer of cell membrane and form a channel to facilitate the movement of ions through the membrane according to their electrochemical gradient [http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Ion_channel]

Ionic conductance
type: Class
subclass of: Biological enity
subclass of: Named entity
alt label: Ion conductance
comment: Ionic conductance

Ionic current
type: Class
subclass of: Biological enity
subclass of: Named entity
alt label: Ion current
comment: The influx and/or efflux of ions through an ion channel

JDBC
type: Class
subclass of: Database format
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documentation URL
  has value: https://zoidberg.ukp.informatik.tu-darmstadt.de/jenkins/job/DKPro%20Core%20Documentation%20(GitHub)/de.tudarmstadt.ukp.dkpro.core$de.tudarmstadt.ukp.dkpro.core.doc-asl/doclinks/5/format-reference.html…
comment: For JDBC databases
alternative label: JAVA Database Connectivity

JSON
type: Class
subclass of: Data format
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has mimetype
  has value: application/json
comment: Superclass of JSON formats

JSON/Genia
type: Class
subclass of: BioNLP format
subclass of: BioNLP formats
subclass of: JSON
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has mimetype
  has value: application/json
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documentation URL
  has value: https://builds.openminted.eu/job/WP%205.2%20-%20Typesystem%20alignment/eu.openminted.interop$mapping-conversion/doclinks/1/components.html#GeniaJSONReader
comment: JSON format of the Genia dataset

JSON/LD
type: Class
subclass of: Document format
subclass of: JSON
subclass of: Linked data format
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has mimetype
  has value: Application json ld
comment: Data format encoding Linked Data using JSON

KAF
type: Class
subclass of: Annotation format
subclass of: JSON
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has mimetype
  has value: application/x.kaf+json
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documentation URL
  has value: http://kyoto-project.eu/xmlgroup.iit.cnr.it/kyoto/indexdd46.html
comment: KAF (also known as Knowledge Annotation Format) is a language neutral annotation format representing both morpho-syntactic and semantic annotation of documents through a stand-off multilayered structure
alternative label: KYOTO Annotation Format
alternative label: Knowledge Annotation Format

KEA corpus
type: Class
subclass of: Corpus format
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documentation URL
  has value: https://builds.openminted.eu/job/WP%205.2%20-%20Typesystem%20alignment/eu.openminted.interop$mapping-conversion/doclinks/1/components.html#_kea_corpus_1
comment: KEA-style (Keyphrase Extraction Algorithm) corpus

Kernel Method
type: Class
subclass of: Machine and Statistical Learning Method
source: adapted from wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernel_method)
comment: Any method used in pattern analysis that relies on kernel functions, which enable it to operate in a high-dimensional, implicit feature space without ever computing the coordinates of the data in that space, but rather by simply computing the inner products between the images of all pairs of data in the feature space.

Keyword
type: Class
subclass of: Scholarly analytics entity
subclass of: Semantic annotation type
comment: A word or group of words used to describe or index the contents of a document

Keyword extraction
type: Class
subclass of: Information extraction
comment: The task/process of identifying keywords (words deemed indicative of the topic/subject) in a text/corpus

Keyword extractor
type: Class
subclass of: Analyzer
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: performs Operation
  some values from: Keyword extraction
comment: A component that tries to extract keywords from a given text

Knowledge acquisition
type: Class
subclass of: Text and Data Mining
comment: The process/task of extracting, organising and systematising knowledge usually of a specific domain from external sources so that it can be used in a knowledge-based system

Knowledge discovery
type: Class
subclass of: Text and Data Mining
comment: The task/process of automatically searching large volumes of data for patterns that can be considered knowledge about the data

Knowledge Representation
type: Class
subclass of: Text and Data Mining
comment: The task/process of representing information about entities in a form that machines are capable of understanding it

Language Identification
type: Class
subclass of: Support operation
comment: The task/process of guessing what natural language a text or text segment is written in.

Language identifier
type: Class
subclass of: Analyzer
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: performs Operation
  some values from: Language Identification
comment: A component that identifies the language of a given text based on its contents

Language modelling
type: Class
subclass of: Support operation
comment: The construction of statistical or Machine Learning language models

LATEX
type: Class
subclass of: Document format
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has mimetype
  has value: application/x-latex
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documentation URL
  has value: https://www.latex-project.org/about/
comment: Data format for documents using LaTeX (a high-quality typesetting system very popular for scientific documents)

Lemma
type: Class
subclass of: Morphological annotation type
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: seeAlso
  has value: de.tudarmstadt.ukp.dkpro.core.api.segmentation.type.Lemma
comment: The canonical or citation form used for referring to a word and its inflected forms

Lemmatization
type: Class
subclass of: Text annotation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: closeMatch
  some values from: Stemming
comment: Lemmatisation (or lemmatization) in linguistics is the process of grouping together the inflected forms of a word so they can be analysed as a single item, identified by the word's lemma, or dictionary form. [Wikipedia]
alternative label: Lemmatisation

Lemmatizer
type: Class
subclass of: Annotator
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: performs Operation
  some values from: Lemmatization
comment: A component that annotates the tokens of a text with lemma information

Lexical semantic relation
type: Class
subclass of: Semantic annotation type
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: owl:equivalentClass
  some values from: LexicalRelation
comment: A relation holding between two or more words based on their meanings
alternative label: Semantic relation

Lexicon access
type: Class
subclass of: Support operation for knowledge resources
comment: The task/process of accessing lexical/conceptual resources (either by humans or computer programs)

Lexicon acquisition from corpora
type: Class
subclass of: Knowledge acquisition
subclass of: Support operation for knowledge resources
comment: The task/process of constructing lexical resources from corpora

Lexicon enhancement
type: Class
subclass of: Knowledge acquisition
subclass of: Support operation for knowledge resources
comment: The task/process of improving (e.g. increasing the size of entries, improving the information, adding new types of information, etc.) a lexicon

Lexicon extraction from lexica
type: Class
subclass of: Knowledge acquisition
subclass of: Support operation for knowledge resources
comment: The task/process of constructing lexical resources based on the restructuring of lexical information contained in lexica (e.g. by parsing definitions or using syntactic information attached to lemmas)

Lexicon extractor from corpora
type: Class
subclass of: Analyzer
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: performs Operation
  some values from: Lexicon acquisition from corpora
comment: A component that extracts lexical information from corpora in order to produce structured lexical resources

Lexicon extractor from lexica
type: Class
subclass of: Analyzer
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: performs Operation
  some values from: Lexicon extraction from lexica
comment: A component that extracts specific lexical information contained in other lexica

Lexicon format conversion
type: Class
subclass of: Format conversion
subclass of: Support operation for knowledge resources
comment: The task/process of converting the format of a lexical/conceptual resource into another (e.g. from TSV to XML)

Lexicon merging
type: Class
subclass of: Support operation for knowledge resources
comment: The task/process of merging (combining together) information coming from various lexical/conceptual resources

Lexicon viewer
type: Class
subclass of: Viewer
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: performs Operation
  some values from: Lexicon viewing
comment: A component that supports humans in accessing the contents of a lexical/conceptual resource

Lexicon viewing
type: Class
subclass of: Support operation for knowledge resources
subclass of: Viewing
comment: The task/process of viewing the contents of a lexicon as performed by human beings

Lexicon visualization
type: Class
subclass of: Support operation for knowledge resources
subclass of: Visualization
comment: The task/process of visualizing information (e.g. using diagrams, 3-d images, word clouds etc.) contained in lexical/conceptual resources
alternative label: Lexicon visualisation

Life sciences
type: Class
subclass of: Domain
comment: A branch of science (such as biology, medicine, and sometimes anthropology or sociology) that deals with living organisms and life processes —usually used in plural

Linguistic analysis
type: Class
subclass of: Support operation
comment: Any operation that aims at the analysis of language or its structure

Linguistic entity
type: Class
subclass of: Domain-specific annotation type
comment: Any kind of annotation pertaining to entities of linguistics; the use of OLIA is recommended

Linked data format
type: Class
subclass of: Data format
comment: Formats used for linked data

LLL
type: Class
subclass of: Annotation format
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documentation URL
  has value: https://builds.openminted.eu/job/WP%205.2%20-%20Typesystem%20alignment/eu.openminted.interop$mapping-conversion/doclinks/1/components.html#_lll_1
comment: Format of the LLL challenge

Location
type: Class
subclass of: Named entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: seeAlso
  has value: de.tudarmstadt.ukp.dkpro.core.api.ner.type.Location
comment: A word or group of words that denotes a geographical entity

Machine and Statistical Learning Method
type: Class
subclass of: TDM Method
comment: Methods and techniques used either in machine learning or statistical learning

Machine Learning Method
type: Class
subclass of: TDM Method
source: adapted from https://www.sas.com/en_us/insights/analytics/machine-learning.html
comment: A method of data analysis that automates model building. Using algorithms that iteratively learn from data, machine learning allows computers to find hidden insights without being explicitly programmed where to look.

Machine Learning predictor
type: Class
subclass of: Support component
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: performs Operation
  some values from: Prediction
comment: A component that is used in predicting based on machine learning models
comment: maybe create another class for predictors, analytics

Mallet LDA Topic Proportions
type: Class
subclass of: Annotation format
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: seeAlso
  has value: format-MalletTopicProportions
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documentation URL
  has value: https://dkpro.github.io/dkpro-core/releases/1.8.0/docs/format-reference.html#format-de.tudarmstadt.ukp.dkpro.core.mallet-asl
comment: Topic proportions in the shape [\t]\t\t...

Mallet LDA Topic Proportions Sorted
type: Class
subclass of: Annotation format
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documentation URL
  has value: https://dkpro.github.io/dkpro-core/releases/1.8.0/docs/format-reference.html#format-MalletTopicsProportionsSorted
comment: Topic proportions in the shape [\t]\t\t... sorted

Marker
type: Class
subclass of: Agricultural entity
comment: Marker

Matcher
type: Class
subclass of: Support component
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: performs Operation
  some values from: Matching
comment: A component that allows matching of elements

Matching
type: Class
subclass of: Support operation
comment: The task/performance of identifying similar elements in two resources

Media
type: Class
subclass of: Named entity
subclass of: Social sciences entity
comment: The main means of mass communication (broadcasting, publishing, and the Internet) regarded collectively [https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/media]

Media Wiki markup
type: Class
subclass of: Wiki format
subclass of: Wiki formats
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documentation URL
  has value: https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Formatting
comment: Wiki markup for formatting

Metabolite
type: Class
subclass of: Biological enity
subclass of: Named entity
comment: Any substance involved in metabolism (= the chemical processes in the body needed for life) [https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/metabolite]

Method of research
type: Class
subclass of: Named entity
subclass of: Social sciences entity
alt label: Research method
comment: Method of research

Mimetype
type: Class
subclass of: Thing
comment: The IANA mimetype that can be used for the data format; it can be the exact or a broader mimetype; unofficial mimetypes are also used, but this will be revisited

Model organism/species
type: Class
subclass of: Biological enity
subclass of: Named entity
comment: Model organism/species

Morphological Analysis
type: Class
subclass of: Linguistic analysis
comment: The analysis of the structure of words and their relations to other words as regards their form and derivation

Morphological annotation
type: Class
subclass of: Text annotation
comment: The task/process of adding annotations pertaining to the morphological level of analysis (e.g. gender, number, person etc.)

Morphological annotation type
type: Class
subclass of: Annotation type
comment: Any type of annotation pertaining to the morphological level

Morphological feature
type: Class
subclass of: Morphological annotation type
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: owl:equivalentClass
  some values from: MorphosyntacticFeature
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: seeAlso
  has value: de.tudarmstadt.ukp.dkpro.core.api.lexmorph.type.morph.MorphologicalFeatures
comment: Property of a word that is expressed in its inflected form; examples include person, tense, gender, case etc.
alternative label: Grammatical category
alternative label: Grammatical feature
alternative label: Morphosyntactic feature

Morphological tagger
type: Class
subclass of: Annotator
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: performs Operation
  some values from: Morphological annotation
comment: A component that annotates tokens of a text with morphological information (part-of-speech and morphological features)

Morphosyntactic tagging
type: Class
subclass of: Text annotation
comment: The task/process of adding morphosyntactic tags to words in a text, i.e. part-of-speech and, optionally, morphological features per part-of-speech.
alternative label: Morphosyntactic annotation

MS-Access database
type: Class
subclass of: Database format
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has mimetype
  has value: application/vnd.msaccess
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has mimetype
  has value: application/x-msaccess
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: seeAlso
  has value: vnd.msaccess
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: seeAlso
  has value: x-msaccess
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has file extension
  has value: mdb
comment: Data format for Microsoft Access database

MS-Excel
type: Class
subclass of: Annotation format
subclass of: Document format
subclass of: Tabular format
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has mimetype
  has value: application/vnd.ms-excel
comment: Data format for Microsoft Excel documents

MS-Word
type: Class
subclass of: Document format
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has mimetype
  has value: application/msword
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has file extension
  has value: doc
comment: Data format for Microsoft Word documents

Multi-word unit
type: Class
subclass of: Structural annotation type
comment: A combination of words that are considered as forming one semantic unit

NAF
type: Class
subclass of: Annotation format
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documentation URL
  has value: http://wordpress.let.vupr.nl/naf/
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documentation URL
  has value: https://github.com/newsreader/NAF
comment: The NAF format is linguistic annotation format designed for complex NLP pipelines. NAF combines strengths of the Linguistic Annotation Framework (LAF) as described in Ide et al. (2003) and the NLP Interchange Format (Hellman et al. 2013, NIF).
alternative label: NLP Annotation Format

Named entitity recognizer
type: Class
subclass of: Annotator
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: performs Operation
  some values from: Named Entity Recognition
comment: A component that seeks to locate and classify elements in a text into pre-defined categories such as the names of persons, organizations, locations, expressions of times, discipline-specific classes, etc

Named entity
type: Class
subclass of: Semantic annotation type
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: owl:equivalentClass
  some values from: NamedEntity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: owl:equivalentClass
  some values from: NamedEntity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: seeAlso
  has value: de.tudarmstadt.ukp.dkpro.core.api.ner.type.NamedEntity
comment: A word or phrase referring to an entity, identified and annotated as such with a name (label); examples include organizations, persons, places etc.

Named Entity Recognition
type: Class
subclass of: Information extraction
comment: A subtask of information extraction that seeks to locate and classify named entities in text into pre-defined categories such as the names of persons, organizations, locations, expressions of times, quantities, monetary values, percentages, etc.
comment: can also be annotation

NeGra export
type: Class
subclass of: Annotation format
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has mimetype
  has value: application/x.org.dkpro.negra3
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has mimetype
  has value: application/x.org.dkpro.negra4
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documentation URL
  has value: http://www.coli.uni-saarland.de/~thorsten/publications/Brants-CLAUS98.pdf
comment: Export format for annotated corpora in the NeGra project

Neuron
type: Class
subclass of: Biological enity
subclass of: Named entity
comment: A nerve cell that carries information between the brain and other parts of the body

Neuroscience entity
type: Class
subclass of: Domain-specific annotation type
comment: Any kind of annotation pertaining to entities of neuroscience

NIF
type: Class
subclass of: Annotation format
subclass of: Corpus format
subclass of: RDF format
subclass of: RDF formats
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documentation URL
  has value: http://persistence.uni-leipzig.org/nlp2rdf/
comment: The NLP Interchange Format (NIF) is an RDF/OWL-based format that aims to achieve interoperability between Natural Language Processing (NLP) tools, language resources and annotations; it consists of specifications, ontologies and software (overview), which are combined under the version identifier "NIF 2.0", but are versioned individually
alternative label: NLP Interchage Format

Normalization
type: Class
subclass of: Support operation
comment: The task/process of editing a text in order to remove unwanted material (e.g. quotation marks, hyphenations etc.) or to substitute/represent specific items (tokens, dates, etc.) with normalized values

Normalizer
type: Class
subclass of: Pre- or Post-Processor
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: performs Operation
  some values from: Normalization
comment: A component that removes unwanted material from text (e.g. quotation marks, hyphenations etc.) or performs edits so that specific items (tokens, dates, etc.) are substituted/represented with normalized values

OBO
type: Class
subclass of: RDF format
subclass of: RDF formats
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documentation URL
  has value: http://owlcollab.github.io/oboformat/doc/obo-syntax.html
comment: Serialization format for ontologies according to the Open Biomedical Ontologies model.

Official text
type: Class
subclass of: Named entity
subclass of: Social sciences entity
comment: Official text

Ontology acquisition
type: Class
subclass of: Knowledge acquisition
comment: The task/process of creating an ontology based on other resources (corpora, other lexical resources, etc.)

Ontology enhancement
type: Class
subclass of: Knowledge acquisition
comment: The task/process of improving an ontology, typically by adding new relations or entities

Operation
type: Class
subclass of: Thing
comment: The action that a software program performs or is meant to perform
alternative label: Function
alternative label: Task

Organism
type: Class
subclass of: Agricultural entity
comment: An individual animal, plant, or single-celled life form [https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/organism]

Organization
type: Class
subclass of: Named entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: seeAlso
  has value: de.tudarmstadt.ukp.dkpro.core.api.ner.type.Organization
comment: A word or group of words that denotes an organization, such as company, association, institution etc.

OWL
type: Class
subclass of: RDF format
subclass of: RDF formats
comment: Superclass for formats used for OWL

OWL/XML
type: Class
subclass of: OWL
subclass of: XML
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has mimetype
  has value: application/xml
comment: XML format for OWL ontologies

Paragraph
type: Class
subclass of: Structural annotation type
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: owl:equivalentClass
  some values from: Paragraph
comment: A division of a text, usually about a single theme, consisting of one or more sentences and marked by a new line, indentation or other conventions.

Paragraph splitting
type: Class
subclass of: Structural annotation
comment: The task/process of segmenting a text into paragraphs and marking their boundaries
alternative label: Paragraph segmentation

Paraphrasing
type: Class
subclass of: Support operation
comment: A task/process whereby a text fragment is reproduced with another text fragment that conveys the same or similar information

Parser
type: Class
subclass of: Annotator
comment: A component that takes as input text and returns a form of data structure (e.g. syntactic parse as a tree, or bracketed structure etc.)
alternative label: Syntactic analyzer

Parsing
type: Class
subclass of: Linguistic analysis
subclass of: Text annotation
comment: The task/process of recognizing and marking the syntactic structure of a text or text segment
alternative label: Syntactic analysis
alternative label: Syntactic annotation
alternative label: Syntactic parsing

Part of Speech
type: Class
subclass of: Annotation type
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: owl:equivalentClass
  some values from: MorphosyntacticCategory
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: seeAlso
  has value: de.tudarmstadt.ukp.dkpro.core.api.lexmorph.type.pos.POS
comment: A division of words based on common grammatical features
alternative label: Grammatical category
alternative label: Morphosyntactic category
alternative label: Word category

Part of speech tagger
type: Class
subclass of: Morphological tagger
comment: A component that annotates tokens of a text with part-of-speech information
alternative label: PoS tagger

PDF
type: Class
subclass of: Binary format
subclass of: Document format
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has mimetype
  has value: application/pdf
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: seeAlso
  has value: pdf
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has file extension
  has value: pdf
comment: Data format for PDF files (Portable Document Format)

Person
type: Class
subclass of: Named entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: seeAlso
  has value: de.tudarmstadt.ukp.dkpro.core.api.ner.type.Person
comment: A word or group of words that refers to a person

Persuasive expression
type: Class
subclass of: Semantic annotation type
comment: A word or phrase used for persuasion purposes

Persuasive expression miner
type: Class
subclass of: Analyzer
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: performs Operation
  some values from: Persuasive expression mining
comment: A component that tries to identify persuasive expressions in a given text
comment: could also be an annotator

Persuasive expression mining
type: Class
subclass of: Information extraction
comment: The task/process of identifying and extracting (especially from political speech texts) pieces of text that aim to persuade

Phenotype
type: Class
subclass of: Agricultural entity
comment: The physical appearance or biochemical characteristic of an organism as a result of the interaction of its genotype and the environment [http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Phenotype]

Phrase
type: Class
subclass of: Structural annotation type
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: owl:equivalentClass
  some values from: Phrase
comment: A phrase is a syntactic structure that consists of more than one word but lacks the subject-predicate organization of a clause. [http://www.glossary.sil.org/term/phrase]

Physico-chemical property
type: Class
subclass of: Agricultural entity
comment: Physical and chemical property of substances

PLS
type: Class
subclass of: Document format
subclass of: XML
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has mimetype
  has value: application/pls+xml
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documentation URL
  has value: https://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/application/pls+xml
comment: Data format according to the Pronunciation Lexicon Specification (PLS)

PML
type: Class
subclass of: Annotation format
subclass of: XML
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has mimetype
  has value: application/xml
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documentation URL
  has value: http://ufal.mff.cuni.cz/jazz/PML/index_en.html
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documentation URL
  has value: https://builds.openminted.eu/job/WP%205.2%20-%20Typesystem%20alignment/eu.openminted.interop$mapping-conversion/doclinks/1/components.html#_prague_markup_language_1
comment: Format according to the Prague Markup Language (http://ufal.mff.cuni.cz/jazz/PML/index_en.html); PML is a generic data format based on XML intended for storing linguistically annotated data, such as the Prague Dependency Treebank, also annotation lexicons, etc.
alternative label: Prague Markup Language

Polarity
type: Class
subclass of: Semantic annotation type
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: owl:equivalentClass
  some values from: PolarityFeature
comment: A feature that distinguishes between positive, negative or neutral; in sentiment analysis, it refers to determining whether the expressed opinion in a document, a sentence or an entity feature/aspect is positive, negative, or neutral. [adapted from Wikipedia]

PoS Tagging
type: Class
subclass of: Morphosyntactic tagging
comment: The task/process of marking words with the part of speech (word category, e.g. noun, verb etc.) to which they belong
alternative label: Grammatical annotation
alternative label: Grammatical tagging

postscript
type: Class
subclass of: Document format
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has mimetype
  has value: application/postscript
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documentation URL
  has value: https://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/application/postscript
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has file extension
  has value: ps
comment: Data format for PostScript files

Pre- or Post-Processor
type: Class
subclass of: Component type
comment: A component that is used at pre- or post-processing stages in order to normalize input/output

Prediction
type: Class
subclass of: Text and Data Mining
comment: In Machine Learning, it refers to the use of algorithms that learn from previous data in order to make predictions on data (by estimating probabilities from previous data)
comment: needs better definition

Processor
type: Class
subclass of: Component type
comment: A component that is used in processing operations

Protein
type: Class
subclass of: Biological enity
subclass of: Named entity
comment: Any of various naturally occurring extremely complex substances that consist of amino-acid residues joined by peptide bonds, contain the elements carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, usually sulfur, and occasionally other elements (such as phosphorus or iron), and include many essential biological compounds (such as enzymes, hormones, or antibodies) [https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/protein]

Protein family
type: Class
subclass of: Agricultural entity
comment: A protein family is a group of proteins that share a common evolutionary origin, reflected by their related functions and similarities in sequence or structure [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/training/online/course/introduction-protein-classification-ebi/protein-classification/what-are-protein-families]

PTB
type: Class
subclass of: Annotation format
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: seeAlso
  has value: format-de.tudarmstadt.ukp.dkpro.core.io.penntree-asl
comment: Penn Tree Bank formats

PTB-chunked
type: Class
subclass of: PTB
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has mimetype
  has value: text/x.org.dkpro.ptb-chunked
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documentation URL
  has value: https://zoidberg.ukp.informatik.tu-darmstadt.de/jenkins/job/DKPro%20Core%20Documentation%20(GitHub)/de.tudarmstadt.ukp.dkpro.core$de.tudarmstadt.ukp.dkpro.core.doc-asl/doclinks/5/format-reference.html…
comment: Penn Treebank chunked format
alternative label: Penn Treebank - chunked
alternative label: ptb; format-variant=chunked

PTB-combined
type: Class
subclass of: PTB
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has mimetype
  has value: text/x.org.dkpro.ptb-combined
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documentation URL
  has value: https://dkpro.github.io/dkpro-core/releases/1.8.0/docs/format-reference.html#format-PennTreebankCombined
comment: Penn Treebank combined format
alternative label: Penn Treebank - combined
alternative label: ptb; format-variant=combined

PubMed
type: Class
subclass of: Document format
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has mimetype
  has value: text/x-pubmed
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documentation URL
  has value: https://gate.ac.uk/sale/tao/splitch23.html#sec:creole:pubmed
comment: Textual format used for PubMed articles

Question Answering
type: Class
subclass of: Information extraction
subclass of: Knowledge discovery
comment: The task/process where computer systems try to automatically answer questions posed by users in the form of natural language.

Question Topical Target
type: Class
subclass of: Semantic annotation type
comment: The segment of a question that describes the entity about which the question is made
alternative label: QTT
alternative label: Question topic

RDF format
type: Class
subclass of: Data format
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documentation URL
  has value: https://www.w3.org/TR/REC-rdf-syntax/
replaces: RDF formats
comment: Formats for RDF (Resource Description Framework) resources

RDF formats
type: Class
subclass of: Data format
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documentation URL
  has value: https://www.w3.org/TR/REC-rdf-syntax/
comment: Formats for RDF (Resource Description Framework) resources
deprecated: true

RDF/XML
type: Class
subclass of: RDF format
subclass of: RDF formats
subclass of: XML
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has mimetype
  has value: application/rdf+xml
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documentation URL
  has value: https://www.w3.org/TR/REC-rdf-syntax/
comment: Data format for RDF (Resource Description Framework) XML format; RDF/XML is a serialisation for RDF

Readability
type: Class
subclass of: Semantic annotation type
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: seeAlso
  has value: de.tudarmstadt.ukp.dkpro.core.type.ReadabilityScore
comment: The ease with which a reader can understand a written text. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Readability]

Readability annotator
type: Class
subclass of: Semantic annotator
comment: A component that annotates the tokens of a text with readability scores

Reader
type: Class
subclass of: Access Component
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: performs Operation
  some values from: Reading
comment: A component that reads content of various types (pdf, txt, xml etc.)

Reading
type: Class
subclass of: Resource access
comment: Getting access to the contents of an input resource

Recognizing Textual Entailment
type: Class
subclass of: Information extraction
subclass of: Knowledge discovery
comment: A task/process that intends to recognize for two text fragments whether the meaning of one text is entailed in that of the other, i.e. whether the truth of one text fragment follows from that of the other fragment.

Regression Analysis
type: Class
subclass of: Machine and Statistical Learning Method
source: Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regression_analysis)
comment: A statistical process for estimating the relationships among variables. It includes many techniques for modeling and analyzing several variables, when the focus is on the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables (or 'predictors').

Regularisation
type: Class
subclass of: Machine and Statistical Learning Method
source: adapted from Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regularization_(mathematics))
comment: A process of introducing additional information in order to solve an ill-posed problem or to prevent overfitting.
alternative label: Regularization

Relation
type: Class
subclass of: Domain-specific annotation type
comment: Any type of relation that holds between two or more entities of a specific domain

Relation extraction
type: Class
subclass of: Information extraction
comment: The process/task of identifying and classifying relation mentions between entities in text and/or data.
comment: can also be annotation

Resource access
type: Class
subclass of: Support operation
comment: Any operation that enables accessing a resource

Reuters21578 SGML
type: Class
subclass of: Corpus format
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has mimetype
  has value: application/x.org.dkpro.reuters21578+sgml
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: seeAlso
  has value: format-Reuters21578Sgml
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documentation URL
  has value: https://dkpro.github.io/dkpro-core/releases/1.8.0/docs/format-reference.html#format-Reuters21578Sgml
comment: Reuters-21578 corpus in SGML format

Reuters21578 Txt
type: Class
subclass of: Corpus format
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has mimetype
  has value: text/x.org.dkpro.reuters21578
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: seeAlso
  has value: format-Reuters21578Txt
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documentation URL
  has value: https://dkpro.github.io/dkpro-core/releases/1.8.0/docs/format-reference.html#format-Reuters21578Txt
comment: Reuters-21578 corpus transformed into text format using ExtractReuters in the lucene-benchmarks project

RNA
type: Class
subclass of: Agricultural entity
alt label: Ribonucleic acid
comment: Any of various nucleic acids that contain ribose and uracil as structural components and are associated with the control of cellular chemical activities

RTF
type: Class
subclass of: Document format
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has mimetype
  has value: application/rtf
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has file extension
  has value: rtf
comment: Rich Text Format; proprietary data format of Microsoft

Rule-based Method
type: Class
subclass of: TDM Method
comment: A type of method that makes use of set(s) of rules to perform the relevant task.

Scholarly analytics entity
type: Class
subclass of: Domain-specific annotation type
replaces: Scholarly analytics entity
comment: Any type of annotation that is relevant to scholarly analtyics (e.g. citations, funding information etc.)

Scholarly communication
type: Class
subclass of: Domain
comment: Scholarly communication can be defined as “the system through which research and other scholarly writings are created, evaluated for quality, disseminated to the scholarly community, and preserved for future use. The system includes both formal means of communication, such as publication in peer-reviewed journals, and informal channels, such as electronic listservs.” (Association of College & Research Libraries, “Principles and Strategies for the Reform of Scholarly Communication 1,” 2003)

Scholarly analytics entity
type: Class
subclass of: Domain-specific annotation type
comment: Any type of annotation that is relevant to scholarly analtyics (e.g. citations, funding information etc.)
deprecated: true

Scientific unit
type: Class
subclass of: Domain-specific annotation type
subclass of: Named entity
comment: Scientific unit

Scientific value
type: Class
subclass of: Domain-specific annotation type
subclass of: Named entity
comment: Scientific value

Script-based analyser
type: Class
subclass of: Support component
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: performs Operation
  some values from: Script-based analysis
comment: A component that performs analysis tasks based on a script

Script-based analysis
type: Class
subclass of: Support operation
comment: The task/process of analysing a resource following a script

Segmenter
type: Class
subclass of: Annotator
comment: A component that segments a text into structural untis (chapters, paragraphs, sentences, words, tokens etc.)
comment: can also be a support tool

Semantic annotation type
type: Class
subclass of: Annotation type
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: owl:equivalentClass
  some values from: SemanticFeature
comment: Any type of annotation pertaining to the semantic level

Semantic annotator
type: Class
subclass of: Annotator
comment: A component that annotates the tokens of a text with semantic features

Semantic class
type: Class
subclass of: Semantic annotation type
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: seeAlso
  has value: de.tudarmstadt.ukp.dkpro.core.api.semantics.type.SemanticField
comment: A division of words into classes based on their common semantic features
alternative label: Semantic type

Semantic frame
type: Class
subclass of: Semantic annotation type
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: owl:equivalentClass
  some values from: Frame
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: seeAlso
  has value: de.tudarmstadt.ukp.dkpro.core.api.semantics.type.SemanticPredicate
source: glossary
comment: A schematic representation of a situation involving various participants, props and other conceptual roles, each of which is a frame element
alternative label: Frame

Semantic role
type: Class
subclass of: Semantic annotation type
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: owl:equivalentClass
  some values from: SemanticRole
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: owl:equivalentClass
  some values from: SemanticRole
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: seeAlso
  has value: de.tudarmstadt.ukp.dkpro.core.api.semantics.type.SemanticArgument
comment: A semantic role is the underlying relationship that a participant has with the main verb in a clause [http://www.glossary.sil.org/term/semantic-role]

Semantic search
type: Class
subclass of: Information retrieval
comment: A type of search that seeks to improve search accuracy by understanding the searcher's intent and the contextual meaning of terms as they appear in the searchable dataspace, whether on the Web or within a closed system, to generate more relevant results.

Sentence
type: Class
subclass of: Structural annotation type
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: owl:equivalentClass
  some values from: Sentence
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: seeAlso
  has value: de.tudarmstadt.ukp.dkpro.core.api.segmentation.type.Sentence
comment: A group of words, usually containing a verb, that expresses a thought in the form of a statement, question, instruction, or exclamation and starts with a capital letter when written [https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/sentence]

Sentence splitter
type: Class
subclass of: Segmenter
comment: A component that splits a text into sentences

Sentence splitting
type: Class
subclass of: Structural annotation
comment: The task/process of recognizing and tagging sentence boundaries in a text
alternative label: Segmentation into sentences

Sentiment
type: Class
subclass of: Semantic annotation type
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: seeAlso
  has value: de.tudarmstadt.ukp.dkpro.core.sentiment.type.StanfordSentimentAnnotation
comment: The affective state (judgement, feeling) of a person or group towards an entity or event
alternative label: Opinion

Sentiment analysis
type: Class
subclass of: Information extraction
subclass of: Knowledge discovery
comment: The process/task of computationally identifying and categorizing opinions expressed in a piece of text, especially in order to determine whether the writer's attitude towards a particular topic, product, etc. is positive, negative, or neutral
alternative label: Opinion extraction
alternative label: Opinion mining

Sentiment analyzer
type: Class
subclass of: Analyzer
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: performs Operation
  some values from: Sentiment analysis
comment: A component that tries to identify sentences that express the author’s negative or positive feelings on something
alternative label: Opinion mining tool
comment: could also be an annotator

Serialized CAS
type: Class
subclass of: UIMA CAS format
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: seeAlso
  has value: format-SerializedCas
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documentation URL
  has value: https://dkpro.github.io/dkpro-core/releases/1.8.0/docs/format-reference.html#format-SerializedCas
comment: The CAS is the native data model used by UIMA; there are various ways of saving CAS data, using XMI, XCAS, or binary formats; this is for the serialized format

SGML
type: Class
subclass of: Document format
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has mimetype
  has value: text/sgml
comment: SGML format

Simplifier
type: Class
subclass of: Generator
comment: A component that outputs a simpler rendition of a given item (sentence, text etc.)

Social sciences
type: Class
subclass of: Domain
comment: The social sciences are academic disciplines concerned with the study of the social life of human groups and individuals including anthropology, economics, geography, history, political science, psychology, social studies, and sociology. The social sciences consist of the scientific study of the human aspects of the world.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Social_sciences]

Social sciences entity
type: Class
subclass of: Domain-specific annotation type
comment: Any kind of annotation that pertains to entities of social sciences; the use of TheSoz is recommended

Software development environment
type: Class
subclass of: Support component
comment: A technology that supports the development of software components and data resources required for their operation

Solr
type: Class
subclass of: Data format
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: seeAlso
  has value: format-de.tudarmstadt.ukp.dkpro.core.io.solr-asl
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documentation URL
  has value: https://dkpro.github.io/dkpro-core/releases/1.8.0/docs/format-reference.html#format-de.tudarmstadt.ukp.dkpro.core.io.solr-asl
comment: Solr format

Species
type: Class
subclass of: Biological enity
subclass of: Named entity
comment: A set of animals or plants in which the members have similar characteristics to each other and can breed with each other

Spectral data
type: Class
subclass of: Named entity
comment: Spectral data is essentially data derived by the use of spectroscopic instruments

Speech act
type: Class
subclass of: Discourse annotation type
comment: A speech act is an act that a speaker performs when making an utterance, including the following: (a) A general act (illocutionary act) that a speaker performs, analyzable as including: the uttering of words (utterance acts), making reference and predicating (propositional acts), and a particular intention in making the utterance (illocutionary force). (b) An act involved in the illocutionary act, including utterance acts and propositional acts, (c) The production of a particular effect in the addressee (perlocutionary act) [http://www.glossary.sil.org/term/speech-act]

Spelling checker
type: Class
subclass of: Pre- or Post-Processor
comment: A component that corrects spelling mistakes in a text

Statistical Learning Method
type: Class
subclass of: TDM Method
source: "R: Statistical learning primer", https://www.pressreader.com/australia/linux-format/20161025/283626759591113
comment: The process of using statistics and techniques related to statistics in order to understand and learn from your data so that you can predict its future.

Stem
type: Class
subclass of: Morphological annotation type
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: owl:equivalentClass
  some values from: Stem
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: seeAlso
  has value: de.tudarmstadt.ukp.dkpro.core.api.segmentation.type.Stem
comment: A stem is the root or roots of a word, together with any derivational affixes, to which inflectional affixes are added. [http://www.glossary.sil.org/term/stem]

Stemmer
type: Class
subclass of: Annotator
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: performs Operation
  some values from: Stemming
comment: A component that extracts stems from words in a text, usually by removing the most common morphological and inflectional endings from words

Stemming
type: Class
subclass of: Text annotation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: closeMatch
  some values from: Lemmatization
comment: The task/process of cutting off the ends of words (mainly inflectional affixes but sometimes also derivational affixes) aiming to relate words to a base form.

Structural annotation
type: Class
subclass of: Text annotation
comment: The task/process of segmenting a text and recognizing textual structural units (paragraphs, sentences, words etc.)
alternative label: Segmentation

Structural annotation type
type: Class
subclass of: Annotation type
comment: Any type of annotation that pertains to the structure of a document

Subcategorization frame
type: Class
subclass of: Syntactic annotation type
comment: The number and types of syntactic arguments required by a certain lexical item (mainly verbs, but also nouns and adjectives)
alternative label: Argument structure
alternative label: Subcategorisation frame

Subjectivity
type: Class
subclass of: Semantic annotation type
comment: The linguistic expression of somebody’s opinions, sentiments, emotions, evaluations, beliefs, speculations (private states, i.e. states that are not open to objective observation or verification). [http://www.mavir.net/docs/JWiebe-Subjectivity-nov2010.pdf]

Summarization
type: Class
subclass of: Operation
comment: The process/task of reducing one or more textual documents with a computer program in order to create a summary that retains the most important points of the original document(s).
alternative label: Summarisation

Summarizer
type: Class
subclass of: Generator
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: performs Operation
  some values from: Summarization
comment: A component that produces a natural language synopsis of a longer text

Support component
type: Class
subclass of: Component type
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: performs Operation
  some values from: Support operation
comment: A component that provides support to developers
alternative label: Helper

Support of crowdsourcing tasks
type: Class
subclass of: Support operation
comment: Any operation that can support tasks that are accomplished through crowdsourcing
example: Collection of data, their transformation and organization into crowdsourcing units; automatic generation of reusable crowdsourcing interfaces for specific tasks (e.g. annotation)

Support operation
type: Class
subclass of: Operation
comment: Any operation that is used to support TDM tasks, either for creating TDM workflows or for executing them

Support operation for knowledge resources
type: Class
subclass of: Operation
comment: Any operation that intends to support the creation, curation or use of knowledge resource

Synapse
type: Class
subclass of: Biological enity
subclass of: Named entity
comment: A specialized structure or junction that allows cell to cell communication [http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Synapse]

Syntactic annotation type
type: Class
subclass of: Annotation type
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: owl:equivalentClass
  some values from: SyntacticCategory
comment: Any type of annotation that pertains to the syntactic level

Syntactico-semantic link
type: Class
subclass of: Semantic annotation type
subclass of: Syntactic annotation type
comment: A link between the syntactic unit and the semantic unit (sense) of a word

Tabular format
type: Class
subclass of: Data format
comment: Any format based on columns

TCF
type: Class
subclass of: Annotation format
subclass of: Corpus format
subclass of: XML
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has mimetype
  has value: text/tcf+xml
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documentation URL
  has value: https://weblicht.sfs.uni-tuebingen.de/weblichtwiki/index.php/The_TCF_Format
comment: An XML data exchange format developed within the WebLicht architecture to facilitate efficient interoperability between the tools; it allows the various linguistic annotations produced by the tools within WebLicht to be stored in one document; it supports incremental enrichment of linguistic annotations at various levels of analysis in a stand-­off XML‐based format
alternative label: Text Corpus Format

TDM Method
type: Class
subclass of: Thing
comment: The method used by a TDM algorithm

TEI
type: Class
subclass of: Annotation format
subclass of: XML
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has mimetype
  has value: application/tei+xml
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: seeAlso
  has value: tei+xml
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documentation URL
  has value: http://www.tei-c.org/index.xml
comment: Data format for TEI-encoded (Text Encoding Initiative) texts
alternative label: Text Encoding Initiative

Temporal expression
type: Class
subclass of: Semantic annotation type
comment: A linguistic expression (word, group of words, group of numbers etc.) that denotes time (a point in time, duration, frequency)

Temporal expression recognition
type: Class
subclass of: Information extraction
comment: The task/process of identifying temporal expressions (also called timex) in a text in order to extract temporal information

Term
type: Class
subclass of: Annotation type
comment: A term is a designation consisting of one or more words representing a general concept in a special language in a specific subject field [ISO 704:2009]

Term extraction
type: Class
subclass of: Information extraction
comment: The act/process of identifying and extracting candidate terms from a domain-specific corpus
alternative label: Terminology extraction

Term extractor
type: Class
subclass of: Analyzer
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: performs Operation
  some values from: Term extraction
comment: A component that tries to extract terms from a corpus
alternative label: Terminology extractor

TEX
type: Class
subclass of: Document format
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has mimetype
  has value: application/x-tex
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documentation URL
  has value: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TeX
comment: Data format for documents using Tex (a typesetting system)

text/plain
type: Class
subclass of: Document format
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has mimetype
  has value: Text plain
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has file extension
  has value: txt
alt label: plain text
comment: Default value for the format of textual files; a textual file should be human-readable and must not contain binary data

Text and Data Analytics
type: Class
subclass of: Operation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: closeMatch
  some values from: Text and Data Mining
comment: The process/task of converting unstructured text and data into high-quality structured data that can be further analysed to extract knowledge, support decision making etc.

Text and Data Mining
type: Class
subclass of: Operation
comment: The automated processing of unstructured text and/or structured data leading to the extraction of previously hidden knowledge.

Text annotation
type: Class
subclass of: Annotation
comment: The process/task of adding annotations (notes or comments) to a text; in TDM, the annotations refer mainly to the interpretative linguistic information grounded in a knowledge resource that is added manually or automatically to a text
alternative label: Linguistic annotation

Text categorization
type: Class
subclass of: Information extraction
subclass of: Knowledge discovery
comment: The task/process of assigning documents into classes or categories
alternative label: Document categorisation
alternative label: Document categorization
alternative label: Document classification
alternative label: Text categorisation
alternative label: Text classification

TGrep2
type: Class
subclass of: Annotation format
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has mimetype
  has value: application/x.org.dkpro.tgrep2
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: seeAlso
  has value: format-de.tudarmstadt.ukp.dkpro.core.io.tgrep-gpl
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documentation URL
  has value: https://dkpro.github.io/dkpro-core/releases/1.8.0/docs/format-reference.html#format-de.tudarmstadt.ukp.dkpro.core.io.tgrep-gpl
comment: Format for TGrep2 (search engine for searching syntactic parse trees represented as bracketed structures)

Theoretical frame
type: Class
subclass of: Named entity
subclass of: Social sciences entity
comment: Theoretical frame

Tiger XML
type: Class
subclass of: Annotation format
subclass of: Corpus format
subclass of: XML
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has mimetype
  has value: application/x.org.dkpro.tiger+xml
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: seeAlso
  has value: format-de.tudarmstadt.ukp.dkpro.core.io.tiger-asl
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documentation URL
  has value: http://www.ims.uni-stuttgart.de/forschung/ressourcen/werkzeuge/TIGERSearch/doc/html/TigerXML.html
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documentation URL
  has value: https://dkpro.github.io/dkpro-core/releases/1.8.0/docs/format-reference.html#format-de.tudarmstadt.ukp.dkpro.core.io.tiger-asl
comment: The TIGER XML format was created for encoding syntactic constituency structures in the German TIGER corpus. It has since been used for many other corpora as well. TIGERSearch is a linguistic search engine specifically targetting this format. The format has later been extended to also support semantic frame annotations.

TMX
type: Class
subclass of: Annotation format
subclass of: XML
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has mimetype
  has value: application/x-tmx+xml
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documentation URL
  has value: http://www.ttt.org/oscarstandards/tmx/tmx14-20020710.htm
comment: The purpose of the TMX format is to provide a standard method to describe translation memory data that is being exchanged among tools and/or translation vendors, while introducing little or no loss of critical data during the process.
alternative label: Translation Memory Exchange

Token
type: Class
subclass of: Structural annotation type
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: owl:equivalentClass
  some values from: Token
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: owl:equivalentClass
  some values from: Token
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: seeAlso
  has value: de.tudarmstadt.ukp.dkpro.core.api.segmentation.type.Token
comment: A set of characters surrounded by spaces or punctuation marks, as well as punctuation marks themselves

Tokenization
type: Class
subclass of: Structural annotation
comment: The task/process of recognizing and tagging tokens (words, punctuation marks, digits etc.) in a text

Tokenizer
type: Class
subclass of: Segmenter
comment: A component that recognizes and tags tokens (words, punctuation marks, digits etc.) in a text

Topic
type: Class
subclass of: Scholarly analytics entity
subclass of: Semantic annotation type
comment: The subject of a text or conversation, what it is about

Topic detection
type: Class
subclass of: Information extraction
subclass of: Knowledge discovery
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: closeMatch
  some values from: Text categorization
comment: The task/process of identifying the topic of a text or dataset (e.g. by clustering keywords or using topic models)
alternative label: Topic extraction

Topic extractor
type: Class
subclass of: Analyzer
comment: A component that guesses the topic of a text

Trainer of Machine Learning models
type: Class
subclass of: Support component
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: performs Operation
  some values from: Training of Machine Learning models
comment: A component that is used in training models for machine learning
alternative label: ML models trainer
alternative label: ML trainer

Training of language models
type: Class
subclass of: Language modelling
source: Adapted from http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/lzhang10/slm.html
comment: The task/process of training (statistical) language models that that can estimate the distribution of natural language as accurately as possible.

Training of Machine Learning models
type: Class
subclass of: Language modelling
source: adapted from http://docs.aws.amazon.com/machine-learning/latest/dg/training-ml-models.html
comment: The task/process of creating Machine Learning (ML) models by providing a ML algorithm with training data that help the algorithm discover patterns in data, and construct the appropriate models using these discoveries

TSV
type: Class
subclass of: Tabular format
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has mimetype
  has value: text/tab-separated-values
comment: Format for files with tab-separated values
alternative label: Tab-separated values

Tuepp
type: Class
subclass of: Annotation format
subclass of: Corpus format
subclass of: XML
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has mimetype
  has value: application/x.org.dkpro.tuepp+xml
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: seeAlso
  has value: format-de.tudarmstadt.ukp.dkpro.core.io.tuepp-asl
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documentation URL
  has value: https://zoidberg.ukp.informatik.tu-darmstadt.de/jenkins/job/DKPro%20Core%20Documentation%20(GitHub)/de.tudarmstadt.ukp.dkpro.core$de.tudarmstadt.ukp.dkpro.core.doc-asl/doclinks/5/format-reference.html…
comment: Format of the Tübingen Partially Parsed Corpus of Written German (TüPP-D/Z) XML files; TüPP D/Z (http://www.sfs.uni-tuebingen.de/de/ascl/ressourcen/corpora/tuepp-dz.html) is a collection of articles from the German newspaper taz (die tageszeitung) annotated and encoded in a XML format.

Turtle
type: Class
subclass of: RDF format
subclass of: RDF formats
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has mimetype
  has value: text/turtle
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documentation URL
  has value: https://www.w3.org/TR/turtle/
comment: Textual syntax for RDF that allows an RDF graph to be completely written in a compact and natural text form, with abbreviations for common usage patterns and datatypes.

UIMA CAS format
type: Class
subclass of: Data format
comment: Formats used for the UIMA CAS (Common Analysis System) objects

UIMA/JSON
type: Class
subclass of: JSON
subclass of: UIMA CAS format
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has mimetype
  has value: application/x.org.dkpro.uima+json
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: seeAlso
  has value: format-de.tudarmstadt.ukp.dkpro.core.io.json-asl
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documentation URL
  has value: https://dkpro.github.io/dkpro-core/releases/1.8.0/docs/format-reference.html#format-de.tudarmstadt.ukp.dkpro.core.io.json-asl
comment: UIMA serialisation in JSON

Validation
type: Class
subclass of: Operation
subclass of: Support operation
comment: The task/process of confirming that a system/data resource meets the specifications and fulfills its intended purpose

Validator
type: Class
subclass of: Support component
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: performs Operation
  some values from: Validation
comment: A component used to confirm that a system/resource meets the specifications and fulfills its intended purpose

Variables dectector
type: Class
subclass of: Analyzer
alt label: Variables detection component
comment: A component that tries to identify variables (in social sciences) in a text

Viewer
type: Class
subclass of: Support component
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: performs Operation
  some values from: Viewing
comment: A component that supports humans in accessing the contents of a resource

Viewing
type: Class
subclass of: Support operation
comment: The task/process of viewing the contents of a resource as performed by human beings

Visualiser
type: Class
subclass of: Support component
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: performs Operation
  some values from: Visualization
comment: A component or interface that renders the contents of a resource in a graphic way for visualisation purposes

Visualization
type: Class
subclass of: Operation
subclass of: Support operation
comment: The representation of an object, situation, or set of information as a chart, diagram or any other image that helps end users understand the contents or message
alternative label: Visualisation

Web1T
type: Class
subclass of: Corpus format
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has mimetype
  has value: text/x.org.dkpro.ngram
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documentation URL
  has value: https://catalog.ldc.upenn.edu/LDC2006T13
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documentation URL
  has value: https://zoidberg.ukp.informatik.tu-darmstadt.de/jenkins/job/DKPro%20Core%20Documentation%20(GitHub)/de.tudarmstadt.ukp.dkpro.core$de.tudarmstadt.ukp.dkpro.core.doc-asl/doclinks/5/format-reference.html…
comment: File format used by the Web1T n-gram corpus, a huge collection of n-grams collected from the internet.

Web annotation format
type: Class
subclass of: Annotation format
subclass of: JSON
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has mimetype
  has value: application/ld+json;profile="http://www.w3.org/ns/anno.jsonld"
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documentation URL
  has value: https://www.w3.org/TR/annotation-model/
comment: A structured model and format to enable annotations to be shared and reused across different hardware and software platforms.

Wheat-related species
type: Class
subclass of: Agricultural entity
subclass of: Species
comment: Wheat-related species

Wiki format
type: Class
subclass of: Data format
replaces: Wiki formats
comment: Superclass for wiki formats

Wiki formats
type: Class
subclass of: Data format
comment: Superclass for wiki formats
deprecated: true

Wikipedia article
type: Class
subclass of: Wikipedia format
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documentation URL
  has value: https://zoidberg.ukp.informatik.tu-darmstadt.de/jenkins/job/DKPro%20Core%20Documentation%20(GitHub)/de.tudarmstadt.ukp.dkpro.core$de.tudarmstadt.ukp.dkpro.core.doc-asl/doclinks/5/format-reference.html…
comment: Format for wikipedia articles

Wikipedia article info
type: Class
subclass of: Wikipedia format
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documentation URL
  has value: https://dkpro.github.io/dkpro-core/releases/1.8.0/docs/format-reference.html#format-WikipediaArticleInfo
comment: Format of general article infos

Wikipedia discussion
type: Class
subclass of: Wikipedia format
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documentation URL
  has value: https://dkpro.github.io/dkpro-core/releases/1.8.0/docs/format-reference.html#format-WikipediaDiscussion
comment: Format for wikipedia discussion pages

Wikipedia format
type: Class
subclass of: Data format
comment: Formats used for wikipedia

Wikipedia link
type: Class
subclass of: Wikipedia format
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documentation URL
  has value: https://dkpro.github.io/dkpro-core/releases/1.8.0/docs/format-reference.html#format-WikipediaLink
comment: Format for wikipedia links

Wikipedia page
type: Class
subclass of: Wikipedia format
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documentation URL
  has value: https://dkpro.github.io/dkpro-core/releases/1.8.0/docs/format-reference.html#format-WikipediaPage
comment: Format of wikipedia pages in the database (articles, discussions, etc)

Wikipedia query
type: Class
subclass of: Wikipedia format
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documentation URL
  has value: https://dkpro.github.io/dkpro-core/releases/1.8.0/docs/format-reference.html#format-WikipediaQuery
comment: Reads all article pages that match a query created by the numerous parameters of this class.

Wikipedia revision
type: Class
subclass of: Wikipedia format
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documentation URL
  has value: https://dkpro.github.io/dkpro-core/releases/1.8.0/docs/format-reference.html#format-WikipediaRevision
comment: Format for wikipedia revision pages

Wikipedia revision pair
type: Class
subclass of: Wikipedia format
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documentation URL
  has value: https://dkpro.github.io/dkpro-core/releases/1.8.0/docs/format-reference.html#format-WikipediaRevisionPair
comment: Pairs of adjacent revisions of all articles

Wikipedia template filtered article
type: Class
subclass of: Wikipedia format
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documentation URL
  has value: https://dkpro.github.io/dkpro-core/releases/1.8.0/docs/format-reference.html#format-WikipediaTemplateFilteredArticle
comment: Format for wikipedia pages that contain or do not contain the templates specified in the template whitelist and template blacklist

Word
type: Class
subclass of: Morphological annotation type
subclass of: Structural annotation type
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: owl:equivalentClass
  some values from: Word
comment: A word is a unit which is a constituent at the phrase level and above. It is sometimes identifiable according to such criteria as (a) being the minimal possible unit in a reply, (b) having features such as a regular stress pattern, and phonological changes conditioned by or blocked at word boundaries, (c) being the largest unit resistant to insertion of new constituents within its boundaries, or (d) being the smallest constituent that can be moved within a sentence without making the sentence ungrammatical. A word is sometimes placed, in a hierarchy of grammatical constituents, above the morpheme level and below the phrase level. [http://www.glossary.sil.org/term/word] In annotation, words are often used as equivalent to tokens; thus, for instance, punctuation marks (traditionally not considered as words) will also be annotated as "word".

Word segmentation
type: Class
subclass of: Morphological annotation
comment: The task/process of segmenting (cutting) a word into root and affixes

Word sense
type: Class
subclass of: Semantic annotation type
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: seeAlso
  has value: de.tudarmstadt.ukp.dkpro.core.api.semantics.type.WordSense
comment: Corresponds to the structural part of a lexical entry that contains the relevant semantic, grammatical, and anthropological information for a lexical unit. [adapted from http://www.glossary.sil.org/term/sense]

Word Sense Disambiguation
type: Class
subclass of: Support operation
comment: The process/task of identifying which sense of a word with multiple meanings is used in a particular context; the selection of the sense is made from a list of the word's senses.
alternative label: WSD

Word sense disambiguator
type: Class
subclass of: Disambiguator
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: performs Operation
  some values from: Word Sense Disambiguation
comment: A component that tries to identify which sense of a word (i.e. meaning) is used in a sentence, when the word has multiple meanings
comment: could also be an annotator and a support component (used in a lot of processes)

Writer
type: Class
subclass of: Access Component
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: performs Operation
  some values from: Writing
comment: A component that writes processing results in various formats

Writing
type: Class
subclass of: Resource access
comment: The task/process of producing the output results of a process/workflow in various formats

XCES
type: Class
subclass of: Annotation format
subclass of: XML
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has mimetype
  has value: application/x-xces+xml
comment: Data format for documents and corpora using the XCES standard (Corpus Encoding Standard for XML), cf. http://www.xces.org/

XCES ILSP variant
type: Class
subclass of: XCES
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has mimetype
  has value: application/x-xces+xml
comment: A variant of XCES implemented for documents
alternative label: xces; format-variant=ilsp

XHTML
type: Class
subclass of: Document format
subclass of: XML
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has mimetype
  has value: application/xhtml+xml
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documentation URL
  has value: https://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has file extension
  has value: html
comment: Data format for XHTML (Extensible HyperText Markup Language)

XMI
type: Class
subclass of: Document format
subclass of: XML
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has mimetype
  has value: application/vnd.xmi+xml
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documentation URL
  has value: https://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/application/vnd.xmi+xml
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has file extension
  has value: xmi
comment: Data format for the XML Metadata Interchange (XMI), which is an Object Management Group (OMG) standard for exchanging metadata information via Extensible Markup Language (XML)

XML
type: Class
subclass of: Data format
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has mimetype
  has value: application/xml
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has mimetype
  has value: text/xml
comment: Superclass for grouping together XML formats

XML BioC
type: Class
subclass of: XML
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has mimetype
  has value: application/xml
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documentation URL
  has value: http://bioc.sourceforge.net/
comment: BioC is a simple format to share text data and annotations.

XPath
type: Class
subclass of: XML
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has mimetype
  has value: application/xml
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documentation URL
  has value: https://www.w3.org/TR/xpath/
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: documentation URL
  has value: https://zoidberg.ukp.informatik.tu-darmstadt.de/jenkins/job/DKPro%20Core%20Documentation%20(GitHub)/de.tudarmstadt.ukp.dkpro.core$de.tudarmstadt.ukp.dkpro.core.doc-asl/doclinks/5/format-reference.html…
comment: XPath is a language for addressing parts of an XML document, designed to be used by both XSLT and XPointer.

application/emma+xml
type: NamedIndividual
type: Mimetype

application/json
type: NamedIndividual
type: Mimetype

application/ld+json
type: NamedIndividual
type: Mimetype

application/ld+json;profile="http://www.w3.org/ns/anno.jsonld"
type: NamedIndividual
type: Mimetype

application/msword
type: NamedIndividual
type: Mimetype

application/pdf
type: NamedIndividual
type: Mimetype

application/pls+xml
type: NamedIndividual
type: Mimetype

application/postscript
type: NamedIndividual
type: Mimetype

application/rdf+xml
type: NamedIndividual
type: Mimetype

application/rtf
type: NamedIndividual
type: Mimetype

application/tei+xml
type: NamedIndividual
type: Mimetype

application/vnd.ms-excel
type: NamedIndividual
type: Mimetype

application/vnd.msaccess
type: NamedIndividual
type: Mimetype

application/vnd.xmi+xml
type: NamedIndividual
type: Mimetype

application/x-latex
type: NamedIndividual
type: Mimetype

application/x-msaccess
type: NamedIndividual
type: Mimetype

application/x-tex
type: NamedIndividual
type: Mimetype

application/x-tmx+xml
type: NamedIndividual
type: Mimetype

application/x-xces+xml
type: NamedIndividual
type: Mimetype

application/x-xml+alvis
type: NamedIndividual
type: Mimetype

application/x.kaf+json
type: NamedIndividual
type: Mimetype

application/x.org.dkpro.graf+xml
type: NamedIndividual
type: Mimetype

application/x.org.dkpro.negra3
type: NamedIndividual
type: Mimetype

application/x.org.dkpro.negra4
type: NamedIndividual
type: Mimetype

application/x.org.dkpro.reuters21578+sgml
type: NamedIndividual
type: Mimetype

application/x.org.dkpro.tgrep2
type: NamedIndividual
type: Mimetype

application/x.org.dkpro.tiger+xml
type: NamedIndividual
type: Mimetype

application/x.org.dkpro.tuepp+xml
type: NamedIndividual
type: Mimetype

application/x.org.dkpro.uima+binary
type: NamedIndividual
type: Mimetype

application/x.org.dkpro.uima+json
type: NamedIndividual
type: Mimetype

application/xhtml+xml
type: NamedIndividual
type: Mimetype

application/xml
type: NamedIndividual
type: Mimetype

text/csv
type: NamedIndividual
type: Mimetype

text/html
type: NamedIndividual
type: Mimetype

text/sgml
type: NamedIndividual
type: Mimetype

text/tab-separated-values
type: NamedIndividual
type: Mimetype

text/tcf+xml
type: NamedIndividual
type: Mimetype

text/turtle
type: NamedIndividual
type: Mimetype

text/x-cochrane
type: NamedIndividual
type: Mimetype

text/x-pubmed
type: NamedIndividual
type: Mimetype

text/x.org.dkpro.conll-2000
type: NamedIndividual
type: Mimetype

text/x.org.dkpro.conll-2002
type: NamedIndividual
type: Mimetype

text/x.org.dkpro.conll-2003
type: NamedIndividual
type: Mimetype

text/x.org.dkpro.conll-2006
type: NamedIndividual
type: Mimetype

text/x.org.dkpro.conll-2008
type: NamedIndividual
type: Mimetype

text/x.org.dkpro.conll-2009
type: NamedIndividual
type: Mimetype

text/x.org.dkpro.conll-2012
type: NamedIndividual
type: Mimetype

text/x.org.dkpro.conll-u
type: NamedIndividual
type: Mimetype

text/x.org.dkpro.imscwb
type: NamedIndividual
type: Mimetype

text/x.org.dkpro.ngram
type: NamedIndividual
type: Mimetype

text/x.org.dkpro.ptb-chunked
type: NamedIndividual
type: Mimetype

text/x.org.dkpro.ptb-combined
type: NamedIndividual
type: Mimetype

text/x.org.dkpro.reuters21578
type: NamedIndividual
type: Mimetype

text/xml
type: NamedIndividual
type: Mimetype